Transient receptor potential channels, first identified in Drosophila melanogaster, have been extensively studied for their involvement in different cellular processes as well as the wide variety of stimuli to which they respond. Transient receptor potential channels have been identified in a large number of human tissues. To date, these channels have been grouped into seven subfamilies. Despite their permeability to different ions, most transient receptor potential channels are more selective to calcium. As is known, this ion is one of the most important second messengers implicated in cancer progression. Some transient receptor potential channels were identified in cellular processes that mediate cancer development such as cell proliferation (TRPC), apoptosis (TRPV), endocytosis (TRPML), cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions (TRPP), and also in some types of cancer, e.g. TRPV in urothelial cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma and TRPM in melanomas, prostate cancer and B-cell lymphoma. The knowledge of transient receptor potential channels’ participation in cancerous processes may be the key to creating new therapeutic perspectives. In this review, we present the different stimuli, mechanisms of intracellular activation, and participation of different transient receptor potential channels in various cancer processes.